Encumbrance rating

Version 0.30: This article may not be up to date for the latest stable release of Crawl.

For shield encumbrance, see Shields. Not to be confused with encumbrance from inventory weight, an obsolete mechanic.

An encumbrance rating is a penalty applied to body armour. The heavier your armour, the higher the encumbrance rating. The higher the encumbrance, the higher the penalty is to evasion, spellcasting, stealth, and ranged weapons. Encumbrance can be mitigated, but not removed, by strength and Armour skill.

Encumbrance rating is exclusive to body armour. Certain other armours may hinder you, but use different mechanics.

• Bardings have a -2 EV penalty. This does not penalize casting, stealth, etc., and cannot be reduced by strength / armour skill.
• Shields also have encumbrance. But this encumbrance is handled entirely differently. See Shields for more details.

See the Table of Armours for numerical details on all items with encumbrance ratings.

Useful Info

Adjusted body armour penalty

Where e is the encumbrance rating of the armour, S is an arbitrary scale the base is used at for the particular penalty, a is the armour skill of the subject, and s is the strength of the subject.

This penalty is not applied directly, rather it is used in evasion, to hit, and cast chance. For the evasion and cast penalties the scale used is 100. This syntax is the same for the other formula.

Adjusted evasion penalty

This amount is subtracted from your evasion along with other factors such as your size and dodge skill before being stepped down.

Dodging penalty

Where B is the base dodge bonus (formula shown), S is the relationship between strength and encumbrance, d is dodge skill, D is dexterity stepped down if it is above 24, and F is normalized size factor.

This penalty along with the evasion penalty impacts your ability to evade attacks. Due to the change of function when encumbrance nears strength, this penalty makes it a good idea to have a strength equal to or larger than two minus the encumbrance of the armour.

The size factor is normalized around medium size, and can be derived from the following table:

Size	Size factor
Little: Spriggan	2
Small: Kobold	1
Medium: Most Races	0
Large: Troll, Ogre, Palentonga, Naga	-1

Stealth penalty

This penalty is subtracted from your stealth score.

Spellcasting penalty

If this added to your shield penalty is positive, then this is added to your failure chance. See spell success for more information.

Ranged Weapon Penalty

This penalty, in aut, is added onto weapon delay to Ranged Weapons (but not Throwing). Divide by 10 to convert to decaAut. A simplified version of this formula can be found in the Ranged Weapons page.

Analysis

By calculating the second derivative of the dodge penalty plus the evasion penalty (formula shown above), we can measure the gains from additional strength for any given character. Using this information we can determine what value you would want to raise your strength to for the greatest benefit. The graph on the right shows a spike in gains from strength at two lower than the encumbrance rating of the armour, however a few points after that spike tend to be fairly beneficial as well.

This relationship leads to the rule of thumb for strength that you should at least raise it to the same number as your encumbrance, though more strength is still likely to have a noticeable impact. This rule of thumb does not apply to Spellcasting and Ranged Weapons usage, only for EV.

The gains in dodge from strength for common body armour.

Spreadsheet

See this spreadsheet (and/or make a copy) for an armour penalty calculator: Calculator

History

• Ranged weapon penalities were added in 0.29.
• Armour to-hit penalities were removed in 0.28. Specifically, they were:

• Armour no longer slows down unarmed melee attacks, and some of the mathematics have changed between 0.13 and 0.17.
• Encumbrance ratings were introduced in 0.13, replacing the EV penalty system.